Hi Jack,
In regard to the issue, to solve it, please try the steps below:
- Open the upload center, click the “Resolve” button, then click “Discard” to cancel the upload process.
- Click “Settings” in the upload center, click the “Delete cached files” button to clear the caches in Office 2010.
- Then try to upload the file to SharePoint Online again.
- If still doesn't work, please try to disable the antivirus and firewall to see if the file can be uploaded.
- Please also check if the size of the file has exceeded the limit of SharePoint Online.
For more details, please refer to: SharePoint Online: software boundaries and limits.